| OPTIMIZATION GRANTING IRRIGATION INTERVALS DOSAGE AND CORN C |
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OPTIMIZATION GRANTING IRRIGATION INTERVALS DOSAGE AND CORN CROP IN DRY LAND DISTRICT SUMBA DRY CLIMATES, NTT
East Sumba is the specific area that is often experienced drought. Climatological profile in the region is characterized by a number of relatively low rainfall (<1000 mm) with a duration of rainfall distribution is very short and concentrated in 2 - 3 months in each year and on the other side is really evapotranspirasi drain the water needs of crops. These conditions require the adaptation of agricultural cultivation system which considers optimal utilization of water. Water availability is increasingly limited water management strategy requires an effective and efficient. This paper presents the results of research on the effects of dosing the productivity of irrigated corn in dry land dry climates. Research conducted in experimental plots Kambatatana Village, Sub Pandawai, East Sumba during the period July-November 2007. Research conducted in the area measuring 36 x 36 m using a randomized block design (Split Plot Design), with four doses of the irrigation treatment as main plot and the child are varieties of corn patch.
Experimental plot consists of 3 blocks and 1 block treatment control. Block I received treatment doses of 100% of irrigation needs of plants, Block II, a plant needs 80%, 60% Block III and Block crop needs based on the experience of farmers' control. Each treatment block width and 9 feet long, 36 m. Throughout the 36 m, each block is divided into three sections to repeat the treatment 3 times. Corn crop water requirement is calculated based on the application of irrigation methods of clearing the channel (Furrow irrigation) according to FAO. The need for irrigation will be given according to growth phase and the characteristics of plants and soil. The information required in determining the dose are presented in Table 1.
Figure 1. Experimental design doses influence of irrigation on the growth of local varieties of maize plants and LAMURU.
Table 1. The calculation of irrigation requirements at various growth phases of maize plants on the basis of information and soil characteristics
To provide irrigation to the flow volume is relatively stable and can dikuantikasi, water is pumped from the river before entering the flow of agricultural land through land lines. At the end of the channel, has installed wooden dam which has a width of 40 cm. Basic channel dam on the upstream side higher at 5 cm from the bottom in the downstream channel. In the mouth there is the scale height of dam to suspect debit. From the distribution channel, the water channeled to each block of treatments in rotation through a funnel 9 channel 4 inches in diameter is 1 meter. Long irrigation time for each block set according to the available flow is represented by the height of water level at the mouth stank, and the irrigation needs of plants according to treatment. Figure 2 presents the conditions given land irrigation treatment plot (Furrow irrigation) in the village of Kambata tana. While Table 2 presents the variation of irrigation dosage long represented by irrigation with a debit gift for 9 lt / dt for each treatment plot area of 226.8 m2.
Figure 2. Experiment flow irrigation (Furrow irrigation) in the Village Kambatatana: (a) weir flow estimator; (b) channel to provide a dose pendistribusi irrigation treatment each block through the funnel; (c) plot of land that had been irrigated
Table 2. Irrigation dosing variations in experimental design of 3 treatment of maize plants
The results showed that for the same irrigation treatment, the average productivity of maize LAMURU not significantly different than the average productivity of local corn. While the productivity of maize in the three irrigation treatments higher than controls, both for local and LAMURU varieties. The results showed also that the provision of irrigation at a dose of 80% needs of plants, has provided a relatively equal productivity to productivity of maize in the provision of irrigation at a dose of 100% needs of plants (Table 3). The results of the calculation of the total volume of irrigation was given during the growth of corn to harvest on irrigation experiment in the village of treatment Kambatatana to 100% percent of the crop, 80% and 60% and control with their extensive experimental plot of 364 m2 (9m x36 m) are respectively 1,412,100 liters respectively, 1,161,000 liters, 909,900 liters and 398,520 liters. For an area of 1 hectare, this value is equivalent to the volume of 45,583 m3, 35,833 m3, 28,083 m3 and 12,300 m3.
Figure 3. Growth of maize plants at the sixth week in the irrigation experiment plot, Village Kambatatana
Table 3. The productivity of local varieties of maize varieties in the experiment LAMURU 3 ratings irrigation treatment in the village of Tana Kambata.
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| Last Updated ( Senin, 30 Maret 2009 ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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